Schwirian, 1986

Nursing Informatics involves identification of information needs, resolution of needs, and attainment of nursing goals/ objectives.

Patricia Schwirian- Proposed a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics in 1986.Model and framework that enables identifications of significant information needs, that can foster research (some are similar to Maslow's Heirarchy of needs)

The model contains four primary elements arranged to form a pyramid with a triangular base. These elements are (1) the "raw material;' which is nursingrelated information; (2) the technology, which is a computing system; (3) the users, who are nurses/students within the context of their personal and professional systems; and (4) the goal or objective toward which the three preceding elements are directed. The model depicts the fact that information, user, and computer interact to form NI activity (shown here as the base of the pyramid). The placement of the goal at the apex of the pyramid is intended to show the importance of the ultimate goal of any NI activity and the fact that NI researchers must always keep it in mind. It may be seen in the model that the interactivity of all the elements is bidirectional in nature; that is, one element is not necessarily a temporal precursor of the other, and changes in one element probably will result in changes in at least one of the other elements as well. This NI pyramid provides an appropriately flexible four-dimensional structure in which to devise and locate meaningful NI research. An investigator can enter the model at any point in terms of posing research questions or developing hypotheses, and still can see where her or his particular study fits into a larger scheme of know ledge related to NI.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4612-3622-1_29

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